Pub Med: Keyword Tobacco

27 new pubmed citations were retrieved for your search. Click on the search hyperlink below to display the complete search results:

tobacco

These pubmed results were generated on 2012/02/04

PubMed, a service of the National Library of Medicine, includes over 15 million citations for biomedical articles back to the 1950's. These citations are from MEDLINE and additional life science journals. PubMed includes links to many sites providing full text articles and other related resources.

29 new pubmed citations were retrieved for your search. Click on the search hyperlink below to display the complete search results:

tobacco

These pubmed results were generated on 2012/02/03

PubMed, a service of the National Library of Medicine, includes over 15 million citations for biomedical articles back to the 1950's. These citations are from MEDLINE and additional life science journals. PubMed includes links to many sites providing full text articles and other related resources.

Consumption of addictive substances by Gabonese teenagers: An epidemiological survey.

Sante. 2011 Jul 1;21(3):149-152

Authors: Mimbila-Mayi M, Vierin YN, Biloghe A, Moussavou-Mouyama A

Abstract
Objective: To study the characteristics of the consumption of addictive substances by adolescents in Gabon. Population and methods: For this cross-sectional, descriptive study, we used an anonymous questionnaire to collect information from 1469 adolescents aged 10 to 19 years in six cities in Gabon during 2008. Results: Alcohol was the addictive substance most often consumed (55.5%), followed by tobacco (21.5%) and illegal drugs (5%). In all, 47.6% of the teenagers reported having already been drunk. Combined consumption of these different substances was reported by 44.5%. Conclusion: Our results show the extent of the consumption of addictive substances among adolescents in Gabon and the existence of groups at risk of addiction and abuse. Prevention strategies must be set up.

PMID: 22294249 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

Exploration of Parental Smokers' Experience, Perceptions, and Family's Influences on Their Smoking in the Presence of Children.

ANS Adv Nurs Sci. 2012 Jan;35(1):E1-E13

Authors: Chen YT, Chung MC, Hsiao FH, Miao NF, Chen PL

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to explore parents' experience and perceptions of smoking in the presence of children. Findings regarding patterns of parents' smoking in the presence of children were situation specific. When thinking of smoking with children around, parents engaged in a process of weighing the importance of the need to smoke and adverse effects from exposure to environmental tobacco smoke, a consideration based mostly on their experience. A pattern of correspondence was identified between family's level of concern and promoting change among smokers. Many strategies participants used to prevent children's environmental tobacco smoke exposure were relatively ineffective and needed to be addressed.

PMID: 22293613 [PubMed - in process]

CYP1A1 Gene Polymorphisms: Lack of Association with Breast Cancer Susceptibility in the Southern Region (Madurai) of India.

Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2011;12(8):2133-8

Authors: Kiruthiga PV, Kannan MR, Saraswathi C, Pandian SK, Devi KP

Abstract
The cytochrome P 450 1A1 gene encoding a phase I metabolic enzyme appears to be a candidate for breast cancer risk. It is involved in the phase I detoxification of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and 2-hydroxylation of estrogens and mammary carcinogens into 2-hydroxy catechol metabolites. Several studies have investigated polymorphisms in CYP1A1 and breast cancer risk with inconsistent results. We here carried out a population based case-control study of the CYP MspI (CYP1A1*1/M1) and Ile462Val (CYP1A1*2/M2) polymorphisms in CYP1A1 to clarify their importance in determining breast cancer susceptibility in a South Indian population. A total of 50 cases and 50 controls were genotyped for both polymorphisms. We also investigated putative interactions with exposure to pollution, radiation and intake of tobacco and CYP1A1 genotype and breast cancer risk using a case only study design. The genotype distribution of CYP1A1*1 in cancer patients was 6% for homozygous (CYP1A1 M1 [C/C], 34% for heterozygous CYP1A1 M1 [T/C] and 60% for wild type (CYP1A1 M1 [T/T] (OR: 0.583, CI-95% (0.252-1.348). The genotype distribution of M2 genotypes in patients was 24% of homozygous (CYP1A1 M2 [Val/Val], 4% for heterozygous (CYP1A1 M2 [Ile/Val] and 72% for wild type allele (CYP1A1 M2 [Ile/Ile] [OR: 0.720, CI-95% (0.606-0.856)]. Our results suggest that there is no significant correlation between CYP1A1 M1/ CYP1A1 M2 polymorphism and occurrence of breast cancer in South Indian women.

PMID: 22292665 [PubMed - in process]

Kanagawa, Japan's Tobacco Control Legislation: a Breakthrough?

Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2011;12(8):1909-16

Authors: Kashiwabara M, Armada F, Yoshimi I

Abstract
Kanagawa Prefecture became the first subnational government in Japan to implement an ordinance for the prevention of exposure to secondhand-smoke in public facilities. The ordinance aims to protect people from the negative health impacts of secondhand smoke; however, it has wide exemptions especially for hospitality and leisure business establishments. In addition, designated smoking areas are allowed in all public facilities, in contravention of the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control. Nevertheless, its rapid enactment benefited from the political leadership of the governor as well as intensive communication between the government and a wide range of stakeholders in Kanagawa and beyond. The smoke-free efforts of Kanagawa could facilitate smoke-free action by other subnational and national governments for healthier environments.

PMID: 22292624 [PubMed - in process]

Calcium and ROS mediated defense responses in BY2 tobacco cells by non-pathogenic Streptomyces sp.

J Appl Microbiol. 2012 Jan 31;

Authors: Baz M, Tran D, Kettani-Halabi M, Samri SE, Jamjari A, Biligui B, Meimoun P, El-Maarouf-Bouteau H, Garmier M, Saindrenan P, Ennaji MM, Barakate M, Bouteau F

Abstract
Aims:  The early molecular events underlying the elicitation of plant defense reactions by Gram positive bacteria are relatively unknown. In plants, calcium and reactive oxygen species are commonly involved as cellular messengers of a wide range of biotic stimuli from pathogenic to symbiotic bacteria. In the present work, we checked if non-pathogenic Streptomyces sp. strains could induce early signaling events leading to defense responses in BY2 tobacco cell suspensions. Methods and Results:  We have demonstrated that non-pathogenic Streptomyces sp. OE7 strain induced a cytosolic Ca(2+) increase and a biphasic oxidative burst in the upstream signaling events leading to defense responses in BY2 tobacco cell suspensions. Streptomyces sp. OE7 also elicited delayed intracellular free scopoletin production and programmed cell death. In agreement with scopoletin production, OE7 induced accumulation of PAL transcripts and increased accumulation of transcripts of EREBP1 and AOX genes that are known to be regulated by the jasmonate/ethylene pathway. Transcript levels of PR1b and NIMIN2α, both salycilic acid pathway linked genes, were not modified. Moreover, Streptomyces sp. OE7 culture filtrates could reduce Pectobacterium carotovorum and P. atrosepticum-induced death of BY2 cells and soft rot on potato slices. Conclusions:  New insights are thus provided into the interaction mechanisms between Streptomyces sp. and plants; Streptomyces sp. could be sensed by plant cells and through cytosolic Ca(2+) changes and the generation of reactive oxygen species, defense responses were induced. Significance and Impact of Study:  These induced defense responses appeared to participate to attenuating Pectobacterium-induced diseases in plants. Thus Streptomyces sp. OE7 could to be a biocontrol agent against Pectobacterium sp.. © No claim to US Government works. Journal of Applied Microbiology © 2012 The Society for Applied Microbiology.

PMID: 22292528 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

Patterns of tobacco use and tobacco-related psychiatric morbidity and substance use among middle-aged and older adults in the United States.

Aging Ment Health. 2012 Jan 31;

Authors: Blazer DG, Wu LT

Abstract
Objectives: To examine prevalence of tobacco use and identify psychiatric symptoms and substance use correlates of tobacco use comparing adults 50-64 years of age with those 65+ years of age (N = 10,891). Methods: Data were from the 2008-2009 US National Surveys on Drug Use and Health. Results: Past-year tobacco use was one-half as frequent among adults aged 65+ years (14.1%) compared to adults aged 50-64 years (30.2%); the latter group surpassed the former in rates of cigarette smoking (24.8% vs. 10.6%), daily cigarette smoking (16.5% vs. 7.1%), cigar smoking (7.4% vs. 2.3%), and smokeless tobacco use (2.5% vs. 1.7%). Increased odds of cigarette smoking were noted among men, whites, African Americans, and those who had less education, had lower income, were not currently married, or were binge drinkers or illicit/non-medical drug users. In controlled analyses, odds ratio in those 65+ years of age who had smoked during the past year was 2.2 for binge drinking and 3.5 for illicit or non-medical drug use. Odds ratio of binge drinking among those 65+ years of age for cigar smokers during the past year was 3.1. Past-year cigarette smoking was not associated with reports of symptoms of depression or anxiety in the 65+ age group. Conclusions: Tobacco use is less prevalent among adults 65+ years of age yet continues to be strongly associated with binge drinking and illicit or non-medical drug use. Preventive efforts to decrease these substance use problems should include programs to decrease tobacco use.

PMID: 22292514 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

Dual role of BKI1 and 14-3-3 s in brassinosteroid signaling to link receptor with transcription factors.

Dev Cell. 2011 Nov 15;21(5):825-34

Authors: Wang H, Yang C, Zhang C, Wang N, Lu D, Wang J, Zhang S, Wang ZX, Ma H, Wang X

Abstract
The plasma membrane-localized plant steroid hormone receptor, BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE 1 (BRI1), is quiescent in the absence of steroids, largely due to a negative regulator, BRI1 KINASE INHIBITOR 1 (BKI1). Here, we report that the steroid-induced, plasma membrane-dissociated and phosphorylated BKI1 also plays positive roles in BR signaling by interacting with a subset of 14-3-3 proteins. The cytosolic fraction of BKI1 carboxyl terminal region enhances BR signaling. Mutations of two serine residues in this region lead to reduced phosphorylation by the BRI1 kinase and constitutive plasma membrane localization. The 14-3-3 proteins can interact with the phosphorylated BKI1 through a motif that contains the two phosphorylation sites to release inhibition of BRI1 by BKI1. Meanwhile, the cytosolic BKI1 antagonizes the 14-3-3 s and enhances accumulation of BRI1 EMS SUPPRESSOR 1 (BES1)/BRASSINAZOLE RESISTANT 1 (BZR1) in the nucleus to regulate BR-responses.

PMID: 22075146 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

[Passive smoking in Brazil: results from the 2008 Special Survey on Smoking].

Cien Saude Colet. 2011 Sep;16(9):3671-8

Authors: Passos VM, Giatti L, Barreto SM

Abstract
The scope of this article was to describe indoor passive smoking, at home and at work, among Brazilians (15+ years) participants of the "Special Research on Smoking", a sub-sample of the PNAD 2008. Non-smokers who reported exposure to indoor household smoking were classified as daily or occasional passive smokers, based on the frequency of exposure. Associations with socio-demographic factors were verified by logistic regression analysis. Among 25,005 participants, prevalence of daily and occasional household exposure were 12.5% and 21%, respectively. Compared to those not exposed, daily exposure decreased with increasing age, schooling and income. Occasional exposure is not influenced by age, but decreases with increasing schooling and income. Compared to the Southeast Region, daily exposure was lower in the North and Central West and higher in the Northeast. Among those 10,933 with indoor occupations, 55% of men and 45% of women reported worksite exposure and 67% of them also reported household exposure. Prevalence of exposure at work is higher in men, older adults (55+ years) and among those with lower schooling and income and lower among South Region residents. Social inequality in Brazil is seen in greater exposure to passive smoking among those with lower incomes and less education.

PMID: 21987311 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

The possible role of AhR in the protective effects of cigarette smoke on preeclampsia.

Med Hypotheses. 2011 Nov;77(5):872-4

Authors: Wang K, Zhou Q, He Q, Tong G, Zhao Z, Duan T

Abstract
Although smoking during pregnancy may lead to many adverse effects, such as fetal growth restriction, placental abruption, stillbirth, and preterm labor, smoking is the only environmental exposure known to consistently reduce the risk of preeclampsia and gestational hypertension. The exact mechanisms through which cigarette smoke reduces the risk of preeclampsia are not yet understood. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), as the most abundant expression protein in the placenta, was widely studied in the human reproduction. We propose that cigarette smoke decreases the risk of developing preeclampsia via direct activation of AhR system in placenta. In this review we will address, and provide evidence for, our specific hypotheses that: cigarette significantly enhance trophoblast invasion and decrease placental oxidative damage through activation of AhR. This mechanism of suppression must be further investigated as they may provide valuable clues to novel therapeutic design in the realm of preeclampsia research.

PMID: 21864991 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

Analysis of the enhancer-blocking function of the TBS element from Petunia hybrida in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana and Nicotiana tabacum.

Plant Cell Rep. 2011 Nov;30(11):2013-25

Authors: Singer SD, Hily JM, Cox KD

Abstract
Transcriptional enhancers possess the ability to override the tissue-specificity and efficiency of nearby promoters, which is of concern when generating transgenic constructs bearing multiple cassettes. One means of preventing these inappropriate interactions is through the use of enhancer-blocking insulators. The 2-kb transformation booster sequence (TBS) from Petunia hybrida has been shown previously to exhibit this function when inserted between an enhancer and promoter in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana. In this study, we attempted to further characterize the ability of this fragment to impede enhancer-promoter interference through an analysis of transgenic Arabidopsis and Nicotiana tabacum lines bearing various permutations of the TBS element between the cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S enhancer and an assortment of tissue-specific promoters fused to the β-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene. The full-length TBS fragment was found to function in both orientations, although to a significantly lesser degree in the reverse orientation, and was operational in both plant species tested. While multiple deletion fragments were found to exhibit activity, it appeared that several regions of the TBS were required for maximal enhancer-blocking function. Furthermore, we found that this element exhibited promoter-like activity, which has implications in terms of possible mechanisms behind its ability to impede enhancer-promoter communication in plants.

PMID: 21706298 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

Everything prevents emphysema: are animal models of cigarette smoke-induced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease any use?

Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 2011 Dec;45(6):1111-5

Authors: Churg A, Sin DD, Wright JL

Abstract
There is a very large number of experimental approaches that prevent cigarette smoke-induced emphysema in laboratory animals, but the few similar treatments that have been tried in humans have had minimal effects, leading to questions of whether animal models of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are of any use in developing treatments for human disease. We review possible reasons for this problem. First, humans usually get treated when they have severe (Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease III/IV) COPD, but animal models only produce mild (Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease I/II) disease that never progresses after smoking cessation, and never develops spontaneous exacerbations (i.e., animal models are not models of severe human disease, and probably can't be used to model treatment of severe disease). Second, animal models have concentrated on emphysema and largely ignored small airway remodeling, but small airway remodeling is an equally important cause of airflow obstruction. In addition, small airway remodeling and emphysema are independent responses to smoke, and some experimental animal treatments prevent both lesions, but many do not. Third, animal models are typically Day 1 of smoke exposure "prevention" models, but humans are always treated well along in the course of their disease; thus, any human treatment will be an intervention, and not a prevention. We propose that animal models should examine both emphysema and small airway remodeling, and that experiments should include a relatively late intervention arm. This approach, combined with the realization that human COPD probably needs early rather than late treatment, may make development of treatments based on animal models more relevant.

PMID: 21685155 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

30 new pubmed citations were retrieved for your search. Click on the search hyperlink below to display the complete search results:

tobacco

These pubmed results were generated on 2012/02/01

PubMed, a service of the National Library of Medicine, includes over 15 million citations for biomedical articles back to the 1950's. These citations are from MEDLINE and additional life science journals. PubMed includes links to many sites providing full text articles and other related resources.

30 new pubmed citations were retrieved for your search. Click on the search hyperlink below to display the complete search results:

tobacco

These pubmed results were generated on 2012/01/31

PubMed, a service of the National Library of Medicine, includes over 15 million citations for biomedical articles back to the 1950's. These citations are from MEDLINE and additional life science journals. PubMed includes links to many sites providing full text articles and other related resources.

Adolescent first lapse following smoking cessation: situation characteristics, precipitants and proximal influences.

Addict Behav. 2011 Dec;36(12):1253-60

Authors: Myers MG, Gwaltney CJ, Strong DR, Ramsey SE, Brown RA, Monti PM, Colby SM

Abstract
Despite increased attention to adolescent smoking cessation, little is known about adolescent relapse following a quit attempt. To address this issue, the present study was designed to provide initial information regarding the characteristics of adolescent lapses to smoking following abstinence. Included in the present study were 204 adolescent participants in four independent smoking cessation trials. For the full sample, participants averaged 15.99 (1.27) years of age; 56% were female and 78% were white. Lapse characteristics and precipitants were assessed using the Adolescent Smoking Relapse Review. Three domains of the lapse experience were assessed: lapse situation characteristics, precipitants of use in the situation, and proximal influences (i.e., potential precipitants occurring on the same day, prior to the lapse situation). Participant reports indicated that the modal lapse situation occurred in the evening while socializing with friends at home. Urges or cravings and social pressure were commonly endorsed as occurring in lapse situations. The most frequently reported proximal influence was desire for a cigarette, followed by abstinence-violation cognitions (okay to smoke occasionally, wanted to see what it would be like) and negative emotions. The findings indicate that a broad range of factors appear to influence adolescent smoking lapse and commend the value of incorporating content relevant to managing social and affective cues, strategies for inhibiting the prepotent response to ask for a cigarette, addressing cognitions regarding the difficulty of not smoking (i.e., cessation expectancies) and combating perceptions of the ability to smoke occasionally.

PMID: 21903332 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

Contrasting behavioral effects of acute nicotine and chronic smoking in detoxified alcoholics.

Addict Behav. 2011 Dec;36(12):1344-8

Authors: Boissoneault J, Gilbertson R, Prather R, Nixon SJ

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Current literature suggests that acute nicotine administration provides a compensatory mechanism by which alcoholics might alleviate attentional deficits. In contrast, chronic smoking is increasingly recognized as negatively affecting neurobehavioral integrity. These opposing effects have not been simultaneously examined. Thus, we sought to a) extend previous work by exploring the effects of acute nicotine effects on vigilance components of attention and replicate previous findings suggesting that treatment-seeking alcoholics experience benefit to a greater extent than do other groups; and b) to examine the impact of chronic smoking on these tasks and across subgroups.
METHODS: Substance abusing participants (N=86) were recruited and subgrouped on the basis of dependency criteria as either alcoholics, alcoholics with co-morbid stimulant dependence, or stimulant dependent individuals. Groups of cigarette-smoking (N=17) and non-smoking (N=22) community controls were recruited as comparison groups. Smoking subjects were assigned a placebo, low, or high dose nicotine patch in a double-blind placebo controlled fashion. Non-smoking controls were administered either a placebo or low dose. Testing occurred after dose stabilization.
RESULTS: General linear models indicated greater sensitivity to acute nicotine administration among alcoholics than other groups when controlling for the effect of intensity of smoking history, as reflected by pack-years. Pack-years correlated negatively with performance measures in alcoholics but not stimulant abusing subgroups or smoking controls. Finally, regression analyses demonstrated that pack-years predicted poorer performance only for the alcoholic subgroup.
CONCLUSIONS: These results support previous work finding a compensatory effect of acute nicotine administration on attentional performance in alcoholics and reinforce the consideration of recent nicotine use as a confound in neurocognitive studies of alcoholics. Of particular interest is the finding that smoking history as reflected in pack-years predicted poorer performance, but only among alcoholics. Further systematic study of these opposing effects among alcoholics and other groups using a broader array of tasks is needed.

PMID: 21855223 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

Examining correlates of different cigarette access behaviours among Canadian youth: data from the Canadian Youth Smoking Survey (2006).

Addict Behav. 2011 Dec;36(12):1313-6

Authors: Vu M, Leatherdale ST, Ahmed R

Abstract
Understanding factors associated with youth cigarette access behaviours can provide insight into the development of more effective means of preventing youth from accessing cigarettes. This cross-sectional study used self-reported data collected from 41,886 students in grades 9 to 12 who participated in the 2006-07 Youth Smoking Survey to examine the student- and school-level characteristics that differentiate youth smokers who usually access cigarettes from a social source versus buying their own from retailers. Multi-level regression analyses revealed significant between-school variability in the odds of a smoking student reporting that they usually buy their own cigarettes. Important student-level characteristics associated with how youth usually access their cigarettes included binge drinking and being asked for age or photo identification when purchasing cigarettes from a retailer. Future studies should further explore the school- and student-level characteristics associated with youth cigarette access behaviour.

PMID: 21821363 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

Factors associated with smoking menthol cigarettes among treatment-seeking African American light smokers.

Addict Behav. 2011 Dec;36(12):1321-4

Authors: Faseru B, Choi WS, Krebill R, Mayo MS, Nollen NL, Okuyemi KS, Ahluwalia JS, Cox LS

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Smoking menthol cigarettes is more prevalent among African Americans (AA) compared to Whites. Menthol has been found to be inversely related to smoking cessation among AA, yet little is known about the factors associated with menthol smoking among AA light smokers. This study examines baseline demographic, psychological, and smoking factors associated with smoking menthol cigarettes among AA light smokers (≤10 cigarettes per day).
METHODS: Participants (n=540) were enrolled in a double blind, placebo-controlled randomized trial of bupropion in combination with health education counseling for smoking cessation. Bivariate differences between menthol and non-menthol smokers were explored and baseline factors associated with smoking menthol cigarettes were identified.
RESULTS: Participants averaged 46.5 years in age, predominantly female (66.1%), and smoked an average of 8.0 cpd (SD=2.5). The majority (83.7%) smoked menthol cigarettes. In bivariate analysis, menthol cigarette smokers were younger (mean age: 45 vs. 52 years p<0.0001), were more likely to be female (68% vs. 52% p=0.003) and had smoked for shorter duration (28 vs. 34 years p<0.0001) compared to non-menthol smokers. While depression and withdrawal scores were slightly higher and exhaled carbon monoxide values were lower among menthol smokers, the differences were not statistically significant.
CONCLUSIONS: Among AA light smokers, younger individuals and females were more likely to smoke menthol cigarettes and may be more susceptible to the health effects of smoking. Appropriately targeted health education campaigns are needed to prevent smoking uptake in this high-risk population.

PMID: 21816543 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

Dynamics of heat shock protein 60 in endothelial cells exposed to cigarette smoke extract.

J Mol Cell Cardiol. 2011 Nov;51(5):777-80

Authors: Kreutmayer SB, Messner B, Knoflach M, Henderson B, Niederegger H, Böck G, Van der Zee R, Wick G, Bernhard D

Abstract
Heat shock protein 60 (HSP60), expressed on the surface of endothelial cells (ECs) stressed by e.g. oxidized LDL or mechanical shear, was shown to function as an auto-antigen and thus as a pro-atherosclerotic molecule. The aim of this study was to determine whether cigarette smoke chemicals can lead to the activation of the "HSP60 pathway." It was also our aim to elucidate the dynamics of HSP60 from gene expression to endothelial surface expression and secretion. Here we show for the first time that the exposure of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) to cigarette smoke extract (CSE) results in an up-regulation of HSP60 mRNA. Live cell imaging analysis of a HSP60-EYFP fusion protein construct transfected into ECs revealed that mitochondrial structures collapse in response to CSE exposure. As a result, HSP60 is released from the mitochondria, transported to the cell surface, and released into the cell culture supernatant. Analysis of HSP60 in the sera of healthy young individuals exposed to secondhand smoke revealed significantly elevated levels of HSP60. Cigarette smoking is one of the most relevant risk factors for atherosclerosis. Herein, we provide evidence that cigarette smoke may initiate atherosclerosis in the sense of the "auto-immune hypothesis of atherosclerosis."

PMID: 21798264 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]